The present research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between social factors and family violence against children (child abuse). The used method was a survey and the data collection tool was also a questionnaire. From a total of 155 families with a history of child abuse based on the social emergency statistics of Tehran in the last 6 months of 1397, 110 families (parents with one or more children) were selected in District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The random sampling method was simple. In the present study, children under 11 years (6-11 years) were defined as the age range of children and family violence was also defined as violence applied by parents, older siblings. Research hypotheses were tested with SPSS statistical software through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the experience of violence has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In other results, it was found that violence-oriented mentality has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In the continuation of the obtained results, the positive relationship of family problems with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children was confirmed and it was found that gender stereotypes have a positive relationship with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children. Finally, in the main hypothesis, the results showed: social factors have a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children.

Background: The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV) is an approved selfreport assessment tool that includes various domains of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Objectives: This study was done to evaluate the psychometric properties of the OCI-CV in a sample of youth with OCD. Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study. The subjects were 107 children and adolescents, 7 to 17 years old admitted to the Shafa hospital and Gill psychiatric center in the north of Iran in 2017-2018. The subjects with the diagnosis of OCD based on a diagnostic interview by a youth psychiatrist based on the DSM-5 were included in the study. They were assessed by the OCI-CV, Revised Children’ s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and children depression inventory (CDI). Data were analyzed by SPSS v. 22, using Cronbach alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient, and exploratory factor analysis. Results: Youth with the Mean± SD age 11. 18± 3. 1 years participated in the study. Results showed that 51% of the samples were girls. The internal consistency assessed by the Cronbach alpha for the total scale was 0. 75, indicating good reliability. The Pearson correlation coefficient between OCICV and RCMAS was 0. 584 (P=0. 01), and between OCI-CV and CDI was 0. 232 (P=0. 05), showing an excellent concurrent validity. Construct validity showed that all subscales had a high correlation with the total score of the questionnaire and the correlation coefficient was significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The Persian version of the OCI-CV has good psychometric characteristics in the clinical sample of youth with OCD.

Background & Aims: Child Abuse (CA) is a multi-dimensional damage which is emerged and intensified by several elements. CA brings about physical, mental, and social aftermaths for the children and exposes them to several dangers. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between Substance Abuse and CA in Tehran.Materials & Methods: This study was conducted through a survey, and systematic random sampling method was used. The statistical population of this study was Child Abuse in Tehran in 2014-15. The sample population of this study was 273 individuals which were selected using Cochran Sampling Formula among the Child Abuse. The questionnaires were also analyzed after investigating validity and reliability of the questions.Results: The findings of this research showed that girls and boys are abused equally. Moreover, as the age of the children increases, the possibility of being abused increases too. The most common insult was physical and physical-mental abuse. Most of the children have experienced a combination of physical, mental, and sexual abuse and neglect. Also, findings of this study showed that addiction of the parents was the main element of CA (43% of cases); and there was a significant relationship between parental Substance Abuse and CA. Dependency to methamphetamine was the most common addiction compared to other drugs (83%).Conclusion: Considering these results, the necessity of multi-dimensional planning in individual, family, and social levels and in three preventive phases of first, second and third is needed for effective prevention and appropriate intervening on CA.